Updated Sunday 15 May, 2011 12:18 PM

Human Time Line

The Dawn of the Second Age of Mankind

1945 - 2000

Human Time Line Glossary (1945-2300)

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in order to follow the events below

1945 End of World War 2. Dropping of atomic weapons on Japan.

The Allies immediately become aware of a weapons system where a atomic
warhead could be placed upon a German V2. Various programs established to
develop this new weapon platform.

Allies grab the German missile scientists. These are basically shared
between USSR, USA & UK.

1946 UK signs treaty with Australia to test atomic weapons in Australia.

USA starts testing V2 missiles & develop new versions to fit atomic
weapons under the German scientist Braun.

USSR starts testing their V2 missiles. Program to develop atomic
weapons continues.

Nuclear power for propulsion considered by these countries & study
programs commence.

1947 France expresses concerns about the other nation’s missile
& atomic programs. De Gaulle announces that France will not be left
behind. France establishes its own program and builds its own V2 from
technical data captured from the Germans. Testing ground set up in Algeria.

USA & USSR protest France’s decision.

1948 Tension building up between the Western Democracies & the Eastern
block.

USA, who was at first concerned at UK & France’s missile & atomic program,
quietly drops all opposition.

USSR accelerates their program & several missile tests are successful.

Woomera, in the Australian outback, becomes base for the Anglo-Australian
missile & atomic program. First missiles tests are successful.

1949 USA successfully tests a atomic armed missile (SRBM). However, it is
limited in range & payload.

Change in Australian government. New government demands full involvement in
weapons program & threatens to withdraw several key personnel. UK agrees,
but demands other nations become involved. The new Commonwealth program now
included the UK, Australia, Canada & New Zealand. Arthur C. Clarke heads
new Commonwealth agency.

China becomes communist.

1950 East - West tensions come to a head in Europe & Asia. Berlin
blockade starts. Korean War starts.

USA secretly considers use of atomic weapons in Korea. President
Eisenhower vetos idea.

USSR tests its first atomic weapon that shocks the world. Clear warning to USA.

Warsaw Pact formed.

Nato formed.

France approaches other Western European nations in Nato to join their
weapons program. Belgium, Holland & Luxemburg immediately join.

Commonwealth program successfully launches a missile that has a range of
1000km.

1951 Korean War continues.

USA publicly threatens use of atomic weapons.

USSR responds by announcing any atomic attack upon Korea or China will be
considered an attack on USSR.

USA test fires a missile with 1000km range. Considers space application.

France Group successfully tests a V2 type missile

USSR shocks the world again by successfully testing the first hydrogen bomb.

1952 Korean War continues.

USA tests its first hydrogen bomb.

USSR tests its first 1000km range missile. Serious consideration of space
application.

Commonwealth tests its first atomic bomb.

1953 Korean War ends.

Official public announcement by USSR of space program.

USA responds to the USSR challenge.

Both USSR & USA successfully launch basic probes into outer atmosphere.

1954 Australian scientists "borrow" a Commonwealth missile & successfully
copies the USA & USSR tests. Commonwealth announces their own space program
as a result.

Italy & West Germany join the French program. It becomes European in nature.

1955 China explodes its first atomic weapon which shocks the Western
World.

USA successfully tests a 5000km missile with warhead (ICBM).

USSR missiles reach 5000km range.

European program successfully tests a 1000km range missile.

USA announces that it will develop nuclear propulsion engine (NPE) for deep
space exploration.

USSR announces a similar program in response to USA.

Commonwealth successfully tests its hydrogen bomb.

1956 Global tensions raise again.

USSR launches the first successful satellite Sputnic.

USA scrambles to launch a satellite in reply.

European group tests its first atomic weapon.

Commonwealth group announces that it will have a working NPE by 1960.

1957 Commonwealth group launches basic satellite.

USA tests its first NPE with limited success.

USA first ICBM deployed.

USSR announces it will put a man in space before 1960.

USSR deploys first ICBM.

1958 China successfully tests its first V2 type missile.

European group successfully tests its first atomic armed missile (IRBM) with a
range of 1000km.

USA manned space program becomes first priority.

India expresses an interest in a missile program. It is offered membership
in the Commonwealth group which it accepts.

Communist revolution in Cuba.

1959 Global tension at its worst since WW2. USA threatening invasion of
Cuba. USSR announces it will defend Cuba.

USSR tests its first NPE with limited success. Launches first man, Yury
Gagarin, into space (albeit for only 20 minutes).

Commonwealth successfully tests a 5000km range missile. Also announces a
manned space program.

France Group tests its first hydrogen bomb

1960 Cuban Missile Crisis. USSR deploys nuclear weapons in Cuba. For
the first time, all of the USA is within target of USSR nuclear missiles.

USA & USSR almost at nuclear war, but President Kennedy & President
Khrushchev resolve the situation.

Due to the Cuban missile crisis, many Commonwealth governments express
alarm at the nuclear missile program. UK is resolved to keep nuclear
weapons. The program is split & only the missile & space program continues
(albeit with NPE) as a Commonwealth Program.

Commonwealth successfully tests their NPE. (Thirty years later it is
revealed that the Commonwealth program was greatly boosted through an
intelligence operation that stole significant data from the USA program.)

European program, like the Commonwealth program, splits between the nuclear
& missile orientations. France keeps for itself the nuclear program while
the missile program becomes the European Space Agency. Needless to say, the
ESA announces a space program.

1961 USA launches first American John Glenn into space (one orbit). USA
announces manned moon mission.

USSR announces manned moon flight in response to USA.

1962 USA successfully tests their nuclear propulsion engine (NPE).

Commonwealth launches first manned space flight. (Again much information
is gained via an intelligence operation on the USA space programs)

ESA successfully launches probe into outer atmosphere.

UK deploys first ICBM.

China successfully tests its first hydrogen bomb.

China announces space program (albeit help comes secretly from USSR).

1963 USA launches successfully probe to the moon.

USSR likewise launches probe to the moon in response.

Commonwealth successfully test launches missile powered by their NPE.

ESA successfully launches satellite.

1964 USA successfully test launches their NPE missile.

USSR successfully tests their NPE missile.

Commonwealth first to launch a satellite by their NPE missile. (It is not
revealed to the public that four such missiles exploded in the Australian
outback in previous attempts).

China launches a probe into the outer atmosphere.

1965 USA launches a satellite into orbit by their NPE missile. (Valuable
data was collected from the Commonwealth program through spy satellites and
human espionage. Some data was also collected from the USSR program too by
spy satellites).

USA drops chemical "Apollo" moon missile in favour of the NPE "Zeus" moon
missile.

USSR NPE missile explodes while a USA spy satellite is overhead. The
pictures are quickly published though out the world. USSR places priority
on chemical missiles for the moon mission.

France deploys first ICBM.

ESA backs off NPE development.

1966 USSR successfully sends a manned mission that orbits the moon then
returns.

Commonwealth Mk2 NPE missile places "primitive" space station in orbit. The
first crew of two arrives via a chemical missile. The station is used off &
on for the next five years.

China launches first satellite.

ESA announces manned space program.

1967 USSR successfully lands a crew on the moon & returns them safely
using a chemical missile. Aleksey Leonov first man to walk on the moon.

USA successfully launches a more advanced space station than the
Commonwealth, also using an improved NPE missile. It quickly adds other
sections to it and can sustain a crew of four.

USA announces a space shuttle powered by NPE which can fly in the
atmosphere like a plane & travel into space linking with their new space
station & any future moon base.

China deploys first ICBM.

1968 USA successfully lands their manned mission on the moon & returns
them safely using their NPE missile. It took one tenth of the time than it
took the USSR.

Commonwealth drops all chemical powered missiles & announces a space
shuttle NPE type program to match the USA.

China begins a NPE program.

USSR makes NPE a first priority & announces a space shuttle NPE type
program.

USSR launches a space station.

ESA expresses an interest of cooperation with other space agencies.

1969 Commonwealth accepts ESA proposal, but it is more of a merger/take
over rather than a cooperative venture. The new group becomes the
Commonwealth & European Space Agency (CESA) & is headed by Clarke.

CESA announces manned mission to moon. It also suggests a large &
permanent international space station (ISS).

USA eagerly accepts CESA idea about the ISS hoping to alienate USSR.

China announces manned space program in order to be involved with the ISS.

1970 USA successfully launches into orbit their space shuttle. It docks
with the USA space station & returns successfully to Earth.

USSR announces its own international space station, but is not taken up on
their offer.

Japan’s efforts at a space program are rewarded by being accepted into the
CESA.

1971 CESA successfully lands a manned mission on the moon & returns it
safely. It is the last of the missile missions to the moon.

USSR successfully launches their space shuttle powered by NPE into orbit,
docks with their space station & safety returns to Earth.

USSR announces it will join the ISS.

USA returns to the moon with its space shuttle. The mission also leaves a
habitat as the first part of its Moon Base. Four more missions complete the
base known as Lunar One.

An international Mars mission is suggested by USA. CESA welcomes the idea &
is more than willing to help.

China launches first manned mission into orbit with CESA help. This is made
public & the USSR freezes all technical exchanges with China.

1972 The first parts of the ISS are placed in orbit by CESA & USA. Over
the year almost half of the station is completed. While the USA places its
sections in place by their space shuttle, the CESA uses their NPE missiles
for the bulk superstructure sections.

USSR announces Venus program and scrambles to send a probe to Venus by a
NPE missile. Although the probe reaches Venus, the atmospheric conditions
ensures the probe doesn’t operate for long. However, valuable lessons were
learnt for the Mars & Venus missions.

USSR sends more probes to Venus.

USA sends the Viking probes & satellite systems to Mars using NPE missile
systems.

CESA sends the Soho probe to study the Sun & Mercury.

1973 CESA successfully launches their space shuttle. It successfully
docks with the ISS & returns to Earth. Over the next months it & the others
in the CESA fleet complete their section of the ISS.

USA sends the two Voyager NPE probes to Jupiter & beyond.

USSR sends their sections to the ISS using their space shuttle fleet.

China sends its sections, that being two labs, to the ISS using chemical
missiles. China is the only nation still using chemical missiles for space
travel.

1974 The International Space Agency is formed for the Mars mission.
Although it appears a singular operation, it is really only a joint venture
based upon the cooperative efforts of USA, CESA & USSR. As an act of
snobbery, China is left out of the ISA, although China does not protest due
to the fact that its technology is a generation behind the other partners.

The head of the USA space program Braun is overlooked as head of ISA.
Likewise the USSR’s candidate is rejected. Only the non-political Clarke
becomes acceptable to all. Braun resigns to write the famous novel 2001: A
Space Odyssey & its sequels.

1975 The ISA Enterprise is launched. The name comes from a popular
Sci-Fi series of ten years prior. It was the only name that everyone could
agree on due to the diverse backgrounds to the various partners.

ISA Enterprise successfully passes its test runs. Three more Enterprise
class scout ships are ordered.

China successfully launches a satellite, powered by a NPE missile, into
orbit. Announces a space shuttle NPE program.

1976 ISA Enterprise reaches Mars in under two months travel. The
international mission crew lands a modified space shuttle and stays for a
month. Neil A. Armstrong is the first human to step foot on Mars.
Enterprise successfully returns to Earth.

ISA announces programs to explore Venus, Jupiter, Saturn & beyond. Probes
are sent to all locations ahead for the manned scout ships.

1977 China successfully launches space shuttle into orbit. It docks with
the ISS. Waiting for the Chinese crew is the head of ISA who officially
requests China join the ISA. China accepts.

A fifth Enterprise class ship is ordered.

The five ISA scout ships are:
Enterprise
Apollo
Soyuz
Mao (under construction)
Woomera

All four missions are successful, although the Soyuz mission to Jupiter
has three casualties from radiation, & the Venus mission could not find
much more about the planet than earlier probes had.

1978 A second generation of five scouts ships were order by ISA.

ISA announced the Mars colony program. This would be a major undertaking
and on a scale ten times the size of anything on the moon. The base would
be permanent and include mining & space ship construction industries.

Pluto & the outer solar system are explored. A monolith, a possible
example of alien existence, is discovered by ISA Woomera & brought back to
Earth. This is never made public until years later.

1979 The various nations making up ISA are informed of the monolith &
all express concern. Research reveals little about its origin except that
it is alien in nature. Analysis of Woomera’s data also indicated that a
signal was transmitted when the monolith was collected.

The ISA member nations form the Earth Commonwealth. This is a separate
organisation from the United Nations. Defence & space treaties form the
basic structure of the EC.

EC is run by a General-Secretary within a Cabinet. Arthur C. Clarke is
appointed GS while each space faring nation has a representative in the
Cabinet. EC policies are made by unanimous decision.

EC takes over all ISA functions as well as all international space policy.
The first thing EC does is order "Space Warcruisers" armed with forty
nuclear missiles. Twenty such cruisers are in the first batch.

All scout ships are refitted with the latest sensors.

Establishment of the Mars colony is accelerated & the first sections are
completed.

1980 All scout ships are on patrol on the edge of the solar system.

A primitive atomic laser (AL) is developed. EC orders a further twenty
cruisers based around this weapon. The prototype is built on Mars but is
destroyed when the AL is test fired for the first time.

MicroGates (a new & successful computer company) is listed on the Nasdaq
Stock Exchange by its founder Bill Gates.

1981 After no alien contact, various nations express their opposition to
the militarisation of space.

EC, however, continues the weapons build up. A second prototype AL cruiser
tests successfully & construction starts on the new class.

EC orders "Battle Satellites" to be built in secret on Mars. They are armed
with nuclear missiles. These are quietly transported into a deep orbit
around Earth.

1982 Contact! Unidentified magnetic waves are intercepted by the scout
ship Mao. These are immediately transmitted to EC command on Earth. However,
EC is only given a few hours warning before four alien vessels emerge from
"warp space". EC is ordered to stand down by the aliens, but refuses.
Battle ensures & the small EC fleet is decimated, although some hits are
registered on the alien ships. The battle satellites engage, but again they
are decimated & cause only slight damage.

EC recalls all ships to Earth. Ten scout ships & two cruisers return but
have no impact on the events that follow over the next few months.

The five nuclear armed nations transfer control of their nuclear arsenals
to EC.

The four alien ships enter low Earth orbit over Beijing, London, Moscow &
Washington. Within minutes a weapon of massive destruction destroys these
cities & surrounding areas including Paris & Tokyo. More than 100 million
humans are killed. In response the EC launches all ICBMs & SLBMs. Thousands
of missiles, once aimed at humans, hit all four alien ships. Three ships
are destroy, while the fourth is significantly damaged to render it
disabled. EC sends all the troops it can find in space shuttles in order
to board the ship. Thousands die in the ship boarding battle, but the alien
ship is eventually captured.

EC becomes, by default, the first defacto united Earth government. A
massive rebuilding program is announced. Scientists pour over the alien
ship, while interrogation of alien prisoners commence.

The Great Civil War. Some nations try to take advantage of the alien
attack. EC ruthlessly crushes these pariah countries. 5 million more humans
are slaughtered in the civil war by their fellow kind.

1983 UN recognises EC as world government & integration occurs between
the EC & UN. The United Commonwealth of Earth (UCE) comes into existence.
Nations keep their internal affairs while foreign, defence & space policy
is the sole domain of UCE.

UCE government is made up of the Secretary-General in Cabinet. The Senate
members are appointed by the various nations of Earth (their old foreign
ministers), while the Assembly is elected by all Earth citizens. The
Secretary-General is elected by the Senate while the Cabinet is elected by
the Assembly. Arthur C. Clarke is UCE first SG.

Numerous discoveries are made from the alien (Blurgiss) technology -
artificial gravity, navigational equipment, computers, weapon systems &
faster than light communication.

The computer company, MicroGates, purchases the rights to much of this
technology.

UCE establishes the Earth Defence Force (EDF).

EDF orders new battle satellites based on these new technologies.

1984 Faster than light speed becomes possible with the discovery
of "Magnetic Space Warp Drive" (MSWD).

Mars colony becomes fully operational & contributes to the rebuilding
programs.

UCE announces the develop of Star Cruisers & Star Scouts.

UCE establishes United Earth Explorations (UEX).

UEX sends the first MSWP probes to neighbouring solar systems. Amazing
discoveries fascinate humanity.

EDF first battle satellites come on line.

The infamous "Day of Alien Blood" occurs when the UCE court of Human Rights
sentences all surviving Blurgiss prisoners to Death for crimes against
Humanity.

1985 UEX first manned missions to the neighbouring solar systems
commence. Unfortunately no life is discovered.

EDF starts operating their new Cruisers. Patrols follow quickly behind UEX.

UCE reports to Earth’s citizens that there is no sign of Blurgiss activity.

UCE announces colony programs for neighbouring solar systems if planets
show promise.

1986 Mars population reaches 1 million.

First inter-system colony established on Alpha Four in the Alpha Centauri
solar system.

UCE annexes all space within a twenty five light years "sphere" from Earth.
Exploration shows that there is no life within the "sphere".

1987 EDF establishes "listening post" colonies along the twenty five
lights years border.

UEX explores beyond the border.

Space tourism starts to flourish within the "sphere". Twenty two hotel
colonies are established by Hilton, Holiday Inn & Novatel among others.

1988 EDF listening posts identify Blurgiss activity some 250 light
years from the border.

UCE orders more powerful cruisers.

The first habitable planet is found by UEX thirty light years from Earth.
It is not too dissimilar to Earth 1 million years ago. UEX names it Eden.

1989 UCE annexes Eden & all space five light years around it.

EDF establishes a base on Eden & patrols the area.

Debate begins whether to colonise Eden. Earth has 5 billion humans & the
pressure is beginning to strain Earth’s environment.

Mars population reaches 2 million. Including Mars, there are now over 10
million humans living, working or visiting off Earth.

1990 Despite the hot debate, UCE opens Eden for civilian colonisation.
Millions of humans accept UCE colonisation programs. In just 1990, one &
half million humans move to Eden.

1991 EDF listing posts identify the "warp signature" of incoming
Blurgiss ships. Marshal law is declared.

Earth has a few days to prepare & the EDF fleet assembles. Twelve Blurgiss
ships arrive at Earth where upon fighting soon starts. The Blurgiss are
defeated, but EDF looses thirty nine ships which were thought to be equal
if not superior.

UCE announces a defence review which includes new ships & tactics. A range
of new designs are developed which include Assault Carriers,
Battlecruisers, Destroyers, Frigates & Fighters.

1992 The location of the Blurgiss system is identified by EDF.

EDF sends several probes to spy on the Blurgiss.

After the 1991 Blurgiss offensive, millions leave Earth. Most head for Eden.

UEX discovers another habitable planet 40 light years from Earth. Although
not as fertile as Earth or Eden, it could still support millions of humans.
It is called Sierra due to its rugged mountainous terrain.

UCE immediately annexes Sierra and expands the 25 light year border out to
include the planet plus 5 light years.

EDF establishes a military base on Sierra & patrols the area.

1993 EDF gains significant intelligence on the Blurgiss. They secretly
tell UCE that the Blurgiss, if they applied all their resources, could
crush Earth & the colonies within a week.

UCE orders EDF to turn planet Earth into Fortress Earth.

UCE opens Sierra for immediate colonisation after the intelligence report
from the EDF (they do not publicly explain why such immediate action
occurs).

Mars population reaches 3 million.

Eden’s population reaches 25 million.

EDF orders new & extremely powerful battle satellites.

EDF listening post near Sierra discovers an unidentified signal some 50
light years beyond the new border. Sierra becomes major space fleet base.

1994 UEX & EDF send several deep space probes in direction of
unidentified signal. Its origin is not of Blurgiss.

2 million humans, civilian & military, populate Sierra.

UCE orders EDF to base a fleet at Eden in order to defend the planet if
Earth falls in order to ensure humanity survives.

EDF establishes five fleets. The 1st Fleet (or border fleet) is mostly
made up of patrol frigates & destroyers. 2nd Fleet is a full combat fleet
based at Sierra. 3rd Fleet is established as a combat fleet to defend Eden
& the Home Fleet is likewise established to defend Earth. A 4th fleet is
established to conduct long range offensive operations (with the Blurgiss
in mind).

UCE establishes the United Earth Police Service (UEPS) relieving the EDF of
policing duties in space & on colonies. The UEPS has little jurisdiction on
Earth except in matters between nations.

1995 The location of the unidentified signal is discovered by an UEX
probe. The data collected indicates an advanced civilisation that is
reasonably peaceful.

After much debate, UCE orders UEX to send a scout ship & make contact.

UEX successfully contacts a small space faring "federation" known as the
Vargary (VF). Ambassadors, scientists & cultural "swaps" successfully
occur. Humanity has a friend.

1996 Several treaties are signed between UEX (on UCE behalf) & VF. These
include trade & defence.

UCE, however, finds that the VF is fragmented (somewhat akin to Earth’s old
UN) & 12 different sovereign Vargary governments exist.

VF are amused to find (mistakenly) that another "federation" exists similar
to theirs.

Nonetheless, although misunderstandings by both party’s run riot, further
negotiations are successful (albeit complicated).

UEX discovers another habitable planet some 40 light years from Earth.
Although mostly water, the planet has 15 percent fertile land. It is
called Pacifica.

UCE immediately annexes Pacifica & expands the old 25 light year border to
include it plus 5 light years.

UCE orders EDF to establish a fleet base there to defend the new planet.
5th Fleet is thus established.

1997 UCE opens Pacifica for colonisation. Many colonists immigrate
there, but find the weather conditions severe. Nonetheless colonies are
firmly established. Immediately the first colonists rename Pacifica,
Typhoon Pacifica.

Space colony’s population stagnates. Only the Earth Moon (500 000), Alpha
Four (1 million) & Mars (4 million) has ever had significant populations.
Most civilians either return to Earth or migrate to one of the other
habitable planets.

Population of Eden is 75 million.

Population of Sierra is 16 million.

UCE is reformed to include representatives from Mars, Earth Moon, Alpha
Four, Eden & Sierra. The title of United Commonwealth of Planets (UCP)is
narrowly accepted after protests from several Earth nations who do not
participate in the space program. Clarke is still Secretary-General although
old age means he is more a figurehead now than real leader.

UEX becomes United Planets Explorations (UPX).

EDF becomes Commonwealth Defence Force (CDF).

UEPS becomes Commonwealth Police Service (CPS).

1998 MicroGates issues warnings about an old program glitch in regards
to the year 2000. UCP places this potential problem at the top of the list.
Billions of dollars are spent in order to rectify this Y2K bug.

UPX discovers a habitable planet about 15 light years from Eden. It is
similar to Sierra, but has one striking feature - rings similar to Saturn.
It is named Saturn Prime.

UCP annexes Saturn Prime & extends the border from Eden to include SP plus
5 light years. CDF is ordered to include SP in the Eden defence zone.

CDF establishes a base on Saturn Prime.

Pacifica reaches a population of 2 million despite the extreme weather
conditions.

1999 UCP opens Saturn Prime for colonisation. It becomes an instant
tourist destination. Within the first year 1 million colonists establish
themselves here. Over 3 million tourists visit.

CDF hands UCP a top secret report about the Blurgiss. Although parity in
strength & numbers is thought to have been achieved, the Blurgiss have an
empire of at least 30 planets, most of which have conquered slave
populations. Reasons why the Blurgiss first attacked & only sporadically
are unknown.

VF is informed about the details of the CDF secret report.

Trade with the VF has become routine & is worth billions in exchanges. The
First Vargary Festival takes place on Earth. Vargary likewise enjoys the
first Human Festival. Small "colonies" have grown on each other’s planets.

The Complete Works of Shakespeare is translated into Vargary and becomes
extremely popular.

2000 UCP survives the dreaded Y2K bug.

Bill Gates is arrested for fraud by the CPS, but is later released.
However, UCP & other corporations, which spent billions due to MicroGates’
advice, sue the computer giant. Chief among the trials is the Anti-Trust
court case that UCP commences against MicroGates.

VF reforms itself into a global federation somewhat similar to UCP.

VF & UCP sign the Mutual Defence Treaty (MDT) as a consequence of the CDF
secret report of 1999.

Representatives from Pacifica & Saturn Prime are accepted into the UCP
government.

Human population has reached 6 billion.

Eden’s population is 128 million (some 10 million are Eden born).

Sierra’s population is 35 million (some 2 million are Sierra born).

Saturn Prime’s population is 5 million (some 10 000 are SP born).

Mars’ population is 4 million (some 500 000 are Mars born).

Pacifica’s population is 4 million (some 10 000 are Pacifica born).

Alpha Four’s population is 1 million (some 300 000 are AF born).

Earth Moon’s population is 500 000 (some 100 000 are EM born).

In space there is approximately 15 million more humans on small
colonies & ships.

Earth still has the predominate human population.

Forward To Chapter Two

Human Time Line Glossary (1945-2300)

History of the Commonwealth & European Space Agency(1945-1983)

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